This Scoping Study (a key initiative under the Safe and Supported” Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander First Action Plan 2023-2026) is intended to contribute to improved outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and families. With a focus on the rights and needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, it aims to identify opportunities and options to address systemic discrimination and barriers, improve legal and related supports, and reduce the over-representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in out-of-home care.